摘 要

自国家实行科教兴国战略后，人们对于知识的需求日益增强，在正规的系统化课堂教育之外，衍生出了课外培训。现在，课外培训市场呈现“大市场、小作坊”的局面，机构众多，但是真正有品牌效应的寥寥无几。通过性考试的培训市场有它存在的必要性，但是过快、无规范地发展，也产生了许多问题：师资匮乏，人员流动性大；课程相似，缺乏有独特性和创新性；课后服务滞后，无法及时跟进……这些问题制约着培训市场的进一步发展。

本文基于前人的研究经验，通过文献研究法、问卷调查法、数据分析法进行研究。首先，分析培训市场的现状，明确调查目的与意义，确定研究方法和思路，分析经济资本、文化资本、社会资本下的大学生对课外培训的意愿与行为情况。其次，建立研究模型，通过前人的研究经验，将维度细分为多个变量进行测量，最终设计出调查问卷。再次，对收集到的问卷进行筛选，对问卷信息进行规整，通过SPSS软件，采用描述性统计分析、信度与效度分析、因子分析和相关分析方法对不同因素影响下的需求与行为选择进行分析。最终通过研究发现，艺术类、IT类、文学类专业的学生课外培训意愿较高，大三学生相对于其他年级的学生更有培训需求与行为；此外，家庭经济资本与文化资本与大学生的培训需求呈正相关关系，且大学生对于培训需求最重视的就是产品形象。

最后，本文对大学生和课外培训提出建议：一是大学生宜尽早培训，以便为就业、考研等打好基础；二是培训机构可以采用视频、微电影等多形式宣传，引起大学生的广泛关注；三是培训机构需要创新培训模式，进行学生差异化教学，达到培训效果最优化。

关键词：大学生；通过性考试；需求；行为

Research on College Students Willing and Behavior of Selecting Extra-Curricular Training

---taking passing examination as example

Abstract

Since Chine implemented science-education development strategy, people’s demands on knowledge have been increasingly growing, and extra-curricular training has risen besides regular systematic classroom education. Currently, extra-curricular training market is in a situation of “large market and individual workshop”, and there are many educating institutions, but only few of which have real brand effects. Passing examination training market exists for its own necessities, but there are also many problems due to over rapid and irregular development: lack of teaching sources, and large personnel fluidity; similar courses, and lack of uniqueness and novelty; hysteresis of after-class service, and unable to follow up in time...which constrain further development of training market.

Based on previous research experiences, the thesis makes research through literature research, questionnaire survey and data analysis. Firstly, it analyzes current situation of training market, clarifies survey objective and significance, confirms research method and thoughts, and university student antithesis trains wish and behavior situation under the analysis economical capital, the cultural capital, outside the social capita constraints. Secondly, establish research model, through predecessor's research experience, subdivides the dimension for many variables carries on the survey, and design questionnaire. Thirdly, screen the collected questionnaires, arrange questionnaire information, and analyze demands and behavior selection under influence of different factors through SPSS software and use the descriptive statistical analysis, the letter and the validity analysis, the factor analysis and the correlation analysis method. Finally, through the research, art class, IT, the literature class specialized students’ wish to the extra-curricular training be high, the junior are opposite in other grade student have the training demand and the behavior; In addition, the home economics capital and the cultural capital and university student's training demand show positive correlation, and the university student most takes regarding the training demand is the product image.

Finally, this article to the university student and extracurricular training proposed suggested: One is the university student suitable trains as soon as possible, in order to for the employment, the exams for postgraduate schools and so on builds the foundation; Two, the training organization may use multi-form propaganda ,such as the video, the micro movie and so on, arouses university student's interest widely; Three, the training organization needs to innovate the training pattern, carries on the student teaching varily, achieves the training effect optimization.

Key word: college student; passing examination; demand; behavior

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究目的及意义 2

1.2.1研究目的 2

1.2.2研究意义 3

1.3文献综述 4

1.3.1关于课外培训市场发展现状的研究 4

1.3.2关于教育选择的研究 4

1.3.3关于课外培训选择的研究 5

1.3.4现有研究的不足之处 5

1.4研究内容、研究思路和研究方法 6

1.4.1研究内容 6

1.4.2研究方法 6

1.4.3研究思路 7

1.5通过性考试相关概念的界定 8

1.5.1课外培训的定义与分类 8

1.5.2通过性考试培训市场的发展现状 9

2 实证研究设计 11

2.1选择依据 11

2.1.1选择通过性考试的依据 11

2.1.2选择大学生为调查对象 11

2.2各类资本约束下的培训选择行为 12

2.2.1经济资本约束下的培训选择行为 12

2.2.2文化资本约束下培训选择行为 13

2.2.3社会资本约束下的培训选择行为 13

2.3研究模型与研究假设 14

2.3.1 研究模型与模型概念界定 14

2.3.2 研究假设 16

2.4数据收集与分析方法 17

2.4.1 数据收集方法 17

2.4.2数据分析方法 17

2.5研究变量的测量 18

2.5.1 潜在参与者基本信息测量 18

2.5.2选择偏好的测量 19

2.5.3品牌形象的测量 19

2.6问卷设计 20

3 数据分析与假设验证 22

3.1描述性统计分析 22

3.1.1有无意愿分析 22

3.1.2有意愿者行为分析 27

3.2信度与效度分析 33